The investigation of a large panel of systemic chemokines and cytokines is important to understand the complete mechanism of immunological changes observed in patients suffering, for example, from inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. In particular cytokines and chemokines deregulation can support the onset of pathologies linked to chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and autoimmunity. When the expression of these molecules is chronically altered, diseases often occur. Moreover, these molecules are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity, playing a significant physiological role in lymphoid tissue ontogenesis, organogenesis, vasculogenesis, and tissue repair. For example, cytokines regulating inflammatory response include interleukins that are responsible for communication between white blood cells, chemokines that promote chemotaxis, and interferons that have antiviral effects. Inflammatory response is driven by a complex network of mediators and signaling pathways. In conclusion, we drew some kinds of guidelines about the physiological production of cytokines and chemokines, underling the difference caused by aging. The remaining cytokines were up- or downregulated in the group of the children with respect to the other groups. Certain cytokines exhibited a downward or an upward trend with increasing age. We found that a certain number of cytokines were not being produced in healthy subjects others showed a constant serum level amongst the groups. In this study, we analyzed the profile of 48 cytokines and chemokines in the serum of healthy subjects, comparing adults (≥18 years) with young children and children (1–6 and 7–17 years). Moreover, since the immune system and response change their properties with development, differences in patients' age should be taken into account, both in physiological and in pathological conditions. The understanding of the physiological mechanism of the cytokine network would be useful to better comprehend pathological conditions. Indeed, when the cytokine production is deregulated, diseases often occur.
Ascorbic Acid: Vitamin C, a powerful antioxidant with brightening properties to help skin appear more radiant and evenly toned.
Enhances firmness and elasticity to visibly reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Ceramide NG: Nourishes skin while supporting proper lymphatic drainage.Caffeine USP: Enhances overall antioxidant activity, helps diminish the appearance of puffiness.Fractionated Hyaluronic Acid: Provides intense hydration, reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.Aids in fading discoloration over time, and promotes healthy texture and even skin tones. Niacinamide: Supports healthy collagen production improving the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.All-trans-Retinol: Helps increase firmness and elasticity.Free of gluten, fragrance, oil, alcohol, and parabensĪfter cleansing skin, apply around eyes twice daily follow up with preferred anti-aging serum and moisturizer.Caffeine USP, Arnica & Vitamin K help to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness.Ceramide and Peptide Complex nourishes and tightens skin, reducing the appearance of bags and dark circles.Fractionated Hyaluronic Acid deeply hydrates and seals moisture in, plumping visible lines and wrinkles.Niacinamide smooths skin and helps brighten discoloration.All-trans-Retinol at the appropriate level for the delicate eye area helps increase firmness and elasticity.
Formulated with All-trans-Retinol and 90% green tea polyphenols, this ultra-moisturizing cream targets fine lines, dark circles and puffiness to achieve smoother, firmer skin around the delicate eye area.